You are here: Home > Methods & Techniques > Hard Systems Method Background The Hard Systems Method was developed by the Open University in the early 1980's. It provides an approach that starts with a specific decision, problem or opportunity, and uses a pragmatic method to promote decisions and changes. HSM is used by a variety of organisations, including public, private, and academic sectors. When To Use HSM HSM is similar to the Soft Systems Methodology in that it also involves investigating and resolving problem situations, or situations that need improving. The main difference is that HSM is more suitable when the situation is reasonably well-known and understood, for example it could be used after a software system failure, to investigate the (possibly multiple) causes and define changes to avoid repetition. What's Involved in Using HSM HSM includes a process and a number of techniques, leading to a recommended series of changes. Some Hard Systems techniques have become widely used independently of the method, for example SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) analysis. More Information Talk to Miriona! Privacy Statement © 2007-8 Miriona All rights reserved. Website owned by Jacquie Wakeford trading as Miriona 2nd Floor, 139 Percheron Drive, Knaphill, Surrey GU21 2QZ