You are here: Home > Methods & Techniques > Soft Systems Methodology Background The Soft Systems Methodology was initially developed during the 1970's at the University of Lancaster. It has been revised several times to enhance and radically extend its use. SSM is used in public and private sector, and academic organisations. Published case studies include a Civil Service department, Shell, ICI, and a Health Authority department (in 'Soft Systems Methodology in Action', Checkland and Scholes). When To Use SSM SSM is mainly used to investigate and resolve a problem situation (or a situation where improvements could be made) in a 'human activity system'. A 'human activity system' is any system involving human input, such as business functions and departments. SSM is particularly suitable to 'messy' situations where the causes of the problems are unknown, where lots of people are involved, and/or where there is a lot of complexity. What's Involved in Using SSM SSM includes a process and a number of techniques, which are used to holistically investigate and analyse the whole situation. By using this approach, problems caused by relationships and links between different areas are not missed, as is often the case with reductionist methods. The practitioner outlines solutions, which are then developed in partnership with the client, to ensure that 'desirable and feasible' changes are made. More Information Check out the following book: "Soft Systems Methodology in Action" by Peter Checkland and Jim Scholes (ISBN-13: 978-0471986058) Or talk to Miriona! Privacy Statement © 2007-10 Miriona Ltd All rights reserved. Website owned by Miriona Ltd Company Number: 7224738